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Ol.D. ZOLOTARENKO, An.D. ZOLOTARENKO, N.Y. AKHANOVA, N.A. SHVACHKO, M. UALKHANOVA, E.P. RUDAKOVA, D.V. SHCHUR, Yu.I. ZHIRKO, M.T. GABDULLIN, T.V. MYRONENKO, M.V. CHYMBAI, A.D. ZOLOTARENKO, I.V. ZAGORULKO, and Yu.O. TARASENKO

Physicochemical Processes of Electroarc Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials
261–286 (2024)

PACS numbers: 52.80.Mg, 78.30.Na, 78.40.Ri, 81.05.ub, 81.05.ue, 81.07.De, 81.16.Be

The paper proposes an explanation of the physicochemical processes occurring during the electric-arc plasma-chemical synthesis of carbon nanomaterials. A diagram of the action of forces on charged particles and a diagram of forces acting on the motion of ions in an arc in the presence of a magnetic field for the plasma-chemical synthesis of carbon nanomaterials are presented and considered. The levels of organization of matter in an arc discharge during the formation of carbon vapour with an increase in temperature are considered. A comparative characterization and a conditional scheme for the formation of various carbon nanostructures during plasma-chemical synthesis are proposed. The sequence of carbon transformations during the formation of carbon nanomaterials and the conditional levels of organization of matter with the types of processes occurring on each of them during structure formation, as the classification of carbon structures by size levels under conditions of temperature decrease from plasma temperature to room one are established. Carbon nanomaterials are synthesized by the plasma-chemical method, and the analysis of the obtained and processed carbon nanostructures is carried out by the following methods: scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectral analysis, UV–VIS spectroscopy, spectrophotometric analysis. The presence of fullerenes in the products of plasma-chemical synthesis is established, and fullerenes are extracted from the synthesized wall soot

KEY WORDS: carbon nanomaterials, fullerenes, fullerites, endofullerenes, carbon nanotubes, synthesis, self-organization, plasma, electric arc

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.22.02.261

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