03. |
Quantum mechanics, field theories, and special relativity |
03.67.-a |
Quantum information |
03.67.Ac |
Quantum algorithms, protocols, and simulations |
03.67.Bg |
Entanglement production and manipulation |
03.67.Dd |
Quantum cryptography and communication security |
03.67.Hk |
Quantum communication |
03.67.Lx |
Quantum computation architectures and implementations |
03.67.Mn |
Entanglement measures, witnesses, and other characterizations |
03.67.Pp |
Quantum error correction and other methods for protection against decoherence |
07. |
Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy |
07.10.-h |
Mechanical instruments and equipment |
07.10.Cm |
Micromechanical devices and systems |
07.79.-v |
Scanning probe microscopes and components |
07.79.Cz |
Scanning tunneling microscopes |
07.79.Fc |
Near-field scanning optical microscopes |
07.79.Lh |
Atomic force microscopes |
07.79.Pk |
Magnetic force microscopes |
07.79.Sp |
Friction force microscopes |
30. |
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS |
37. |
Mechanical control of atoms, molecules, and ions |
37.25.+k |
Atom interferometry techniques |
40. |
ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS |
42. |
Optics |
42.50.-p |
Quantum optics |
42.50.Ex |
Optical implementations of quantum information processing and transfer |
42.50.Wk |
Mechanical effects of light on material media, microstructures and particles |
42.70.-a |
Optical materials |
42.70.Qs |
Photonic bandgap materials |
47. |
Fluid dynamics |
47.61.-k |
Micro- and nanoscale flow phenomena |
47.61.Cb |
Non-continuum effects |
47.61.Fg |
Flows in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) |
47.61.Jd |
Multiphase flows |
47.61.Ne |
Micromixing |
60. |
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES |
61. |
Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography |
61.46.-w |
Structure of nanoscale materials |
61.46.Bc |
Structure of clusters (e.g., metcars; not fragments of crystals; free or loosely aggregated or loosely attached to a substrate) |
61.46.Df |
Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots) |
61.46.Fg |
Nanotubes |
61.46.Hk |
Nanocrystals |
61.46.Km |
Structure of nanowires and nanorods (long, free or loosely attached, quantum wires and quantum rods, but not gate-isolated embedded quantum wires) |
61.46.Np |
Structure of nanotubes (hollow nanowires) |
61.48.-c |
Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures |
61.48.De |
Structure of carbon nanotubes, boron nanotubes, and other related systems |
61.48.Gh |
Structure of graphene |
61.80.-x |
Physical radiation effects, radiation damage |
61.80.Az |
Theory and models of radiation effects |
61.82.-d |
Radiation effects on specific materials |
61.82.Rx |
Nanocrystalline materials |
62. |
Mechanical and acoustical properties of condensed matter |
62.23.-c |
Structural classes of nanoscale systems |
62.23.Eg |
Nanodots |
62.23.Hj |
Nanowires |
62.23.Kn |
Nanosheets |
62.23.Pq |
Composites (nanosystems embedded in a larger structure) |
62.23.St |
Complex nanostructures, including patterned or assembled structures |
62.25.-g |
Mechanical properties of nanoscale systems |
62.25.De |
Low-frequency properties: response coefficients |
62.25.Fg |
High-frequency properties, responses to resonant or transient (time-dependent) fields |
62.25.Jk |
Mechanical modes of vibration |
62.25.Mn |
Fracture/brittleness |
63. |
Lattice dynamics |
63.22.-m |
Phonons or vibrational states in low-dimensional structures and nanoscale materials |
63.22.Dc |
Free films |
63.22.Gh |
Nanotubes and nanowires |
63.22.Kn |
Clusters and nanocrystals |
63.22.Np |
Layered systems |
63.22.Rc |
Phonons in graphene |
64. |
Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions |
64.70.-p |
Specific phase transitions |
64.70.Nd |
Structural transitions in nanoscale materials |
64.75.-g |
Phase equilibria |
64.75.Jk |
Phase separation and segregation in nanoscale systems |
65. |
Thermal properties of condensed matter |
65.80.-g |
Thermal properties of small particles, nanocrystals, nanotubes, and other related systems |
65.80.Ck |
Thermal properties of graphene |
66. |
Nonelectronic transport properties of condensed matter |
66.30.-h |
Diffusion in solids |
66.30.Pa |
Diffusion in nanoscale solids |
68. |
Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and nanosystems (structure and nonelectronic properties) |
68.35.-p |
Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces: structure and energetics |
68.35.B- |
Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction) |
68.35.bp |
Fullerenes |
68.37.-d |
Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films |
68.37.Ef |
Scanning tunneling microscopy (including chemistry induced with STM) |
68.37.Hk |
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (including EBIC) |
68.37.Lp |
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) |
68.37.Ma |
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) |
68.37.Nq |
Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) |
68.37.Og |
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) |
68.37.Ps |
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) |
68.37.Rt |
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) |
68.37.Tj |
Acoustic force microscopy |
68.37.Uv |
Near-field scanning microscopy and spectroscopy |
68.37.Vj |
Field emission and field-ion microscopy |
68.37.Xy |
Scanning Auger microscopy, photoelectron microscopy |
68.37.Yz |
X-ray microscopy |
68.55.-a |
Thin film structure and morphology |
68.55.A- |
Nucleation and growth |
68.55.ap |
Fullerenes |
68.65.-k |
Low-dimensional, mesoscopic, nanoscale and other related systems: structure and nonelectronic properties |
68.65.Fg |
Quantum wells |
68.65.Hb |
Quantum dots (patterned in quantum wells) |
68.65.La |
Quantum wires (patterned in quantum wells) |
68.65.Pq |
Graphene films |
68.70.+w |
Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties) |
70. |
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES |
71. |
Electronic structure of bulk materials |
71.20.-b |
Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids |
71.20.Tx |
Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds |
72. |
Electronic transport in condensed matter |
72.25.-b |
Spin polarized transport |
72.25.Ba |
Spin polarized transport in metals |
72.25.Dc |
Spin polarized transport in semiconductors |
72.25.Fe |
Optical creation of spin polarized carriers |
72.25.Hg |
Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers |
72.25.Mk |
Spin transport through interfaces |
72.25.Pn |
Current-driven spin pumping |
72.25.Rb |
Spin relaxation and scattering |
72.80.-r |
Conductivity of specific materials |
72.80.Rj |
Fullerenes and related materials |
72.80.Vp |
Electronic transport in graphene |
73. |
Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures |
73.21.-b |
Electron states and collective excitations in multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems |
73.21.Fg |
Quantum wells |
73.21.Hb |
Quantum wires |
73.21.La |
Quantum dots |
73.22.-f |
Electronic structure of nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals |
73.22.-f |
Electronic structure of nanoscale materials and related systems |
73.22.Dj |
Single particle states |
73.22.Gk |
Broken symmetry phases |
73.22.Lp |
Collective excitations |
73.22.Pr |
Electronic structure of graphene |
73.61.-r |
Electrical properties of specific thin films |
73.61.Wp |
Fullerenes and related materials |
73.63.-b |
Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures |
73.63.Bd |
Nanocrystalline materials |
73.63.Fg |
Nanotubes |
73.63.Hs |
Quantum wells |
73.63.Kv |
Quantum dots |
73.63.Nm |
Quantum wires |
73.63.Rt |
Nanoscale contacts |
74. |
Superconductivity |
74.70.-b |
Superconducting materials other than cuprates |
74.70.Wz |
Fullerenes and related materials |
74.70.Wz |
Carbon-based superconductors |
74.78.-w |
Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures |
74.78.Na |
Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems |
75. |
Magnetic properties and materials |
75.50.-y |
Studies of specific magnetic materials |
75.50.Tt |
Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials |
75.50.Xx |
Molecular magnets |
75.75.-c |
Magnetic properties of nanostructures |
75.75.Cd |
Fabrication of magnetic nanostructures |
75.75.Fk |
Domain structures in nanoparticles |
75.75.Jn |
Dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles |
75.75.Lf |
Electronic structure of magnetic nanoparticles |
78. |
Optical properties, condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of radiation and particles with condensed matter |
78.30.-j |
Infrared and Raman spectra |
78.30.Na |
Fullerenes and related materials |
78.40.-q |
Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet |
78.40.Ri |
Fullerenes and related materials |
78.66.-w |
Optical properties of specific thin films |
78.66.Tr |
Fullerenes and related materials |
78.67.-n |
Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures |
78.67.Bf |
Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters |
78.67.Ch |
Nanotubes |
78.67.De |
Quantum wells |
78.67.Hc |
Quantum dots |
78.67.Lt |
Quantum wires |
78.67.Pt |
Multilayers; superlattices; photonic structures; metamaterials |
78.67.Qa |
Nanorods |
78.67.Rb |
Nanoporous materials |
78.67.Sc |
Nanoaggregates; nanocomposites |
78.67.Tf |
Nanodroplets |
78.67.Uh |
Nanowires |
78.67.Ve |
Nanomicelles |
78.67.Wj |
Optical properties of graphene |
79. |
Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena |
79.60.-i |
Photoemission and photoelectron spectra |
79.60.Jv |
Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures |
80. |
INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
81. |
Materials science |
81.05.-t |
Specific materials: fabrication, treatment, testing, and analysis |
81.05.U- |
Carbon/carbon-based materials |
81.05.ub |
Fullerenes and related materials |
81.05.ue |
Graphene |
81.05.uj |
Diamond/nanocarbon composites |
81.07.-b |
Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization |
81.07.Bc |
Nanocrystalline materials |
81.07.De |
Nanotubes |
81.07.Gf |
Nanowires |
81.07.Lk |
Nanocontacts |
81.07.Nb |
Molecular nanostructures |
81.07.Oj |
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) |
81.07.Pr |
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures |
81.07.St |
Quantum wells |
81.07.Ta |
Quantum dots |
81.07.Vb |
Quantum wires |
81.07.Wx |
Nanopowders |
81.16.-c |
Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing |
81.16.Be |
Chemical synthesis methods |
81.16.Dn |
Self-assembly |
81.16.Fg |
Supramolecular and biochemical assembly |
81.16.Hc |
Catalytic methods |
81.16.Mk |
Laser-assisted deposition |
81.16.Nd |
Micro- and nanolithography |
81.16.Pr |
Micro- and nanooxidation |
81.16.Rf |
Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation |
81.16.Ta |
Atom manipulation |
82. |
Physical chemistry and chemical physics |
82.35.-x |
Polymers: properties; reactions; polymerization |
82.35.Np |
Nanoparticles in polymers |
82.37.-j |
Single molecule kinetics |
82.37.Gk |
STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule |
82.37.Rs |
Single molecule manipulation of proteins and other biological molecules |
82.45.-h |
Electrochemistry and electrophoresis |
82.45.Yz |
Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
82.60.-s |
Chemical thermodynamics |
82.60.Qr |
Thermodynamics of nanoparticles |
82.70.-y |
Disperse systems; complex fluids |
82.70.Dd |
Colloids |
85. |
Electronic and magnetic devices; microelectronics |
85.35.-p |
Nanoelectronic devices |
85.35.Be |
Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.) |
85.35.Ds |
Quantum interference devices |
85.35.Gv |
Single electron devices |
85.35.Kt |
Nanotube devices |
85.65.+h |
Molecular electronic devices |
85.75.-d |
Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields |
85.75.Bb |
Magnetic memory using giant magnetoresistance |
85.75.Dd |
Magnetic memory using magnetic tunnel junctions |
85.75.Ff |
Reprogrammable magnetic logic |
85.75.Hh |
Spin polarized field effect transistors |
85.75.Mm |
Spin polarized resonant tunnel junctions |
85.75.Nn |
Hybrid Hall devices |
85.75.Ss |
Magnetic field sensors using spin polarized transport |
85.85.+j |
Micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices |
87. |
Biological and medical physics |
87.64.-t |
Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biophysics and medical physics |
87.64.Dz |
Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy |
87.64.Ee |
Electron microscopy |
87.80.-y |
Biophysical techniques (research methods) |
87.80.Ek |
Mechanical and micromechanical techniques |
87.80.Fe |
Micromanipulation of biological structures |
87.80.Nj |
Single-molecule techniques |
87.85.-d |
Biomedical engineering |
87.85.D- |
Applied neuroscience |
87.85.dh |
Cells on a chip |
87.85.J- |
Biomaterials |
87.85.jf |
Bio-based materials |
87.85.Ox |
Biomedical instrumentation and transducers, including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) |
87.85.Qr |
Nanotechnologies-design |
87.85.Rs |
Nanotechnologies-applications |
87.85.Uv |
Micromanipulators |
87.85.Va |
Micromachining |
88. |
Renewable energy resources and applications |
88.30.R- |
Hydrogen storage |
88.30.rh |
Carbon nanotubes |