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Year 2022 Volume 20, Issue 2 |
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Issues/2022/vol. 20 /Issue 2 |
V. V. Goncharuk, V. M. Ogenko, L. V. Dubrovina, O. A. Vyshnevskyi, I. V. Dubrovin, and I. M. Kruchko
Modification of Ceramic Membranes with Pyrocarbon from Polyisocyanate and Milk
0525–0534 (2022)
PACS numbers: 36.20.Fz, 68.37.Hk, 68.55.jm, 81.05.Rm, 81.16.Rf, 81.20.Ym, 83.85.Rx
Modification of tubular ceramic membranes made of clay minerals is carried out. The membranes are modified with pyrocarbon, which is obtained by carbonization of organic-polymer precursor at 750°Ñ in an argon flow. The carbonation precursor is synthesized from a polyisocyanate and aqueous solution of milk powder, which is introduced into the membrane by impregnation. Water reacts with the NCO-groups of the polyisocyanate to form polyurea. Milk contains proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, the functional groups of which are reacting with the NCO-groups of the polyisocyanate. As a result of these reactions, an organic-polymer composite is formed within the pores of the unmodified membrane. Additionally, a solution of nickel chloride is used to obtain the metallic nickel during carbonization, which is also impregnated into the original membrane. Carbonization is carried at 800°C in an argon flow. After modification, the open porosity of the membrane is decreased from 29.9 to 27.0%; the apparent density is increased from 1.86 to 1.89 g/cm3. The composition and structure of the membranes are studied by means of the x-ray diffraction analysis and SEM. As shown, the obtained modifier is pyrocarbon with the inclusion of metallic-nickel particles ranging in size from tens to ≅300 nm. Pyrocarbon covers the surface of the pores with a continuous layer, and pyrocarbon particles of various shapes and sizes from several nm to several microns are also formed within their volume. Testing of modified membranes is carried out on water purification of direct scarlet dye and Ca2+ from calcium chloride using the baromembrane method at a working pressure of 0.7 MPa. The unmodified membrane does not retain direct scarlet dye and Ca2+ at all. Tests of modified membranes show that the membranes acquire ultrafiltration properties. The retention factor (R) for direct scarlet dye is of 100%, and for Ca2+, it is of 14.4%.
Key words: ceramic membranes, modification, polyisocyanate, milk, pyrocarbon, water purification.
https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.20.02.525
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