Collection of scientific works Nanosystems, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies
Year 2026 Volume 24, Issue 2
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Ahmed KADARI and Yassine SARIR

Faculty of Matter Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tiaret, 14000 Tiaret, Algeria

Particle-Size Calculation for Synthesis of ZnSO4 Nanoparticles Doped with Transition-Metal Ions

549–563 (2026)

PACS numbers: 61.05.cp, 61.46.Hk, 61.66.Fn, 78.30.Hv, 78.40.Ha, 81.07.Bc, 81.20.Fw

Received 17 March, 2025; in revised form, 15 May, 2025

In the present work, we report the successful synthesis of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) nanoparticles (NPs) using the sol–gel processing. Zinc acetate is served as the precursor, while Co(NO3)2, Cr(NO3)3 and Fe(NO3)3 are used to achieve different doping levels. The synthesis involves the hydrolysis and gelation process, followed by the controlled evaporation of the solvent to facilitate the formation of ZnSO4 NPs. The synthesized ZnSO4 NPs are characterized, using various techniques, including XRD method and FT-IR spectroscopy to confirm their crystalline structure. UV–Vis spectroscopy is conducted to analyze the optical properties, revealing significant modifications in band-gap energy. Detailed analysis of crystallite sizes (D) is presented. Average crystallite sizes and sizes’ distribution are determined by using the XRD analysis. The Scherrer’s equation, modified Scherrer’s method, size–strain (SSP) method, and Williamson–Hall (W–H) method are applied to calculate the values of crystallite sizes. Results reveal average sizes of approximately 30.52 nm, 29.75 nm, 26.75 nm, and 29.51 nm, respectively. Recorded FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of characteristic functional groups and the formation of ZnSO4 NPs. This work contributes to the understanding of sol–gel processing for the synthesis of transition-metal ions’-doped ZnSO4 NPs and their potential applications.

KEY WORDS: zinc sulphate, transition-metal ions, crystallite sizes, sol–gel processing, doping, band gap

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.24.02.0549

Citation:
Ahmed Kadari and Yassine Sarir, Particle-Size Calculation for Synthesis of ZnSO4 Nanoparticles Doped with Transition-Metal Ions, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 24, No. 2: 549–563 (2026); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.24.02.0549
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