Collection of scientific works Nanosystems, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies
Year 2026 Volume 24, Issue 1
Download the full version of the article (PDF) Open Access

Hardan T. GHANEM1, Muaamar A. KAMIL2, and Mahmood H. MAYOOF3

1Shirqat Department, Salah al-Din Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, 34001 Shirqat, Iraq
2College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Physics, Tikrit University, 34001 Tikrit, Iraq
3Anbar Education Directorate, Ministry of Education, 34001 Anbar, Iraq

Improving the Efficiency of Lead-Free Nanoperovskite Cells Using SCAPS-1D Software

83–96 (2026)

PACS numbers: 07.05.Tp, 42.70.Qs, 73.30.+y, 78.40.Ha, 78.67.-n, 84.60.Jt, 88.40.hj

Received 18 July, 2024; in revised form, 8 August, 2024

The OMeATP/Cs2AgBiBr6/TiO2/FTO solar cell is studied using SCAPS-1D simulation, where a compound with nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1.2 to 2.9 nm is used. Previous practical research is compared with the program, and good results are obtained that mimic the results of the practical research used. The cell is improved by increasing the work function; so, the conversion efficiency is increased from 0.31% to 1.01%. The distortion rate of the reflection layer is increased; so, the efficiency is increased from 1.01% to 1.22%. The thickness of the absorption layer is changed; so, the efficiency is increased from 1.22% to 3.91%. Then, the radiation recombination coefficient is changed. It is noticed that the cell efficiency is increased and the recombination is decreased; so, the efficiency is increased from 3.91% to 4.79%.

KEY WORDS: nanoperovskite, Cs2AgBiBr6, SCAPS simulation, absorption layer, distortion rate, efficiency

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.24.01.0083

Citation:
Hardan T. Ghanem, Muaamar A. Kamil, and Mahmood H. Mayoof, Improving the Efficiency of Lead-Free Nanoperovskite Cells Using SCAPS-1D Software, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 24, No. 1: 83–96 (2026); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.24.01.0083
REFERENCES
  1. Zhenyang Liu, Hanjun Yang, Junyu Wang, Yucheng Yuan, Katie Hills-Kimball, Tong Cai, Ping Wang, Aiwei Tang, and Ou Chen, Nano Letters, 21, Iss. 4: 1620 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04148
  2. Masataka Higashiwaki, Kohei Sasaki, Akito Kuramata, Takekazu Masui, and Shigenobu Yamakoshi, phys. status solidi (a), 211, No. 1: 21 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201330197
  3. Miao He, Qing Zeng, and Lijuan Ye, Crystals, 13, No. 10: 1434 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101434
  4. Xing Chen, Kewei Liu, Zhenzhong Zhang, Chunrui Wang, Binghui Li, Haifeng Zhao, Dongxu Zhao, and Dezhen Shen, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., 8, Iss. 6: 4185 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b11956
  5. Sudheer Kumar, and R. Singh, phys. status solidi (RRL), 7, Iss. 10: 781 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201307253
  6. D. Y. Guo, Z. P. Wu, Y. H. An, P. G. Li, P. C. Wang, X. L. Chu, X. C. Guo, Y. S. Zhi, M. Lei, L. H. Li, and W. H. Tang, Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, No. 6: 042105 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907174
  7. R. H. Al-Saqa, and I. K. Jassim, Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures, 18, No. 1: 165 (2022); doi:10.15251/DJNB.2023.181.165
  8. Rikiya Suzuki, Shinji Nakagomi, Yoshihiro Kokubun, Naoki Arai and Shigeo Ohira, Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, No. 22: 222102 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3147197
  9. K. Sasaki, M. Higashiwaki, A. Kuramata, T. Masui, and S. Yamakoshi, IEEE Electron. Device Lett., 34, No. 4: 493 (2013); https://doi.org10.1109/LED.2013.2244057
  10. Masataka Higashiwaki, AAPPS Bull., 32: 3 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s43673-021-00033-0
  11. Kohei Sasaki, Masataka Higashiwaki, Akito Kuramata, Takekazu Masui, and Shigenobu Yamakoshi, J. Cryst. Growth, 378: 591 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.02.015
  12. O. M. Bordun, B. O. Bordun, I. Yo. Kukharskyy, and I. I. Medvid, J. Appl. Spectrosc., 86, No. 6: 1010 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-020-00932-4
  13. Ashwin Kumar Saikumar, Shraddha Dhanraj Nehate, and Kalpathy B Sundaram, ECS J. of Solid State Science and Technol., 8, No. 7: Q3064 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0141907jss
  14. Lingyi Kong, Jin Ma, Caina Luan, Wei Mi, and Yu Lv, Thin Solid Films, 520, No. 13: 4270 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.02.027
  15. O. M. Bordun, B. O. Bordun, I. I. Medvid, and I. Yo. Kukharskyy, Acta Physica Polonica A, 133, No. 4: 910 (2018); https://doi.org/10.12693/APhys PolA.133.910
  16. K. H. Choi and H. C. Kang, Materials Letters, 123: 160 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.03.038
  17. C. B. Willingham, J. M. Wahl, P. K. Hogan, L. C. Kupferberg, T. Y. Wong, and A. M. De, Proc. SPIE, 5078: 179 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.500986
  18. T. Igarashi, M. Ihara, T. Kusunoki, K. Ohno, T. Isobe, and M. Senna, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, No. 12: 1549 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1260921
  19. O. M. Bordun, I. M. Bordun, and S. S. Novosad, J. Appl. Spectr., 62, No. 6: 1060 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02606760
  20. K. Wasa, M. Kitabatake, and H. Adachi, Thin Film Materials Technology: Sputtering of Compound Materials (New York: Springer-William Andrew Inc Publishing: 2004).
  21. O. M. Bordun, B. O. Bordun, I. J. Kukharskyy, I. I. Medvid, O. Ya. Mylyo, M. V. Partyka, and D. S. Leonov, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 17, Iss. 1: 123 (2019); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.17.01.123
  22. Carl V. Thompson, Sol. State Phys., 55: 269 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0081-1947(01)80006-0
  23. Carl V. Thompson, J. Appl. Phys., 58: 763 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.336194
  24. O. M. Bordun, B. O. Bordun, I. Yo. Kukharskyy, I. I. Medvid, I. I. Polovynko, Zh. Ya. Tsapovska, and D. S. Leonov, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 19, Iss. 1: 159 (2021); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.19.01.159
  25. J. E. Palmer, C. V. Thompson, and Henry L. Smith, J. Appl. Phys., 62, No. 6: 2492 (1987); https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339460
  26. O. M. Bordun, I. O. Bordun, I. M. Kofliuk, I. Yo. Kukharskyy, I. I. Medvid, Zh. Ya. Tsapovska, and D. S. Leonov, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 20, Iss. 1: 91 (2021); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.20.01.091
  27. Tejaswini Sahoo and Paresh Kale, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 8, Iss. 23: 2100649 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202100649
  28. Sophie de Reguardati, Juri Pahapill, Alexander Mikhailov, Yuriy Stepanenko, and Aleksander Rebane, Optics Express, 24, Iss. 8: 9053 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.009053
  29. Amrita Masurkar and Ioannis Kymissis, Applied Physics Reviews, 2, Iss. 3: (2015); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4926767
  30. Mahmood M. Saleh, Hamadi Khemakhem, Ismel K. Jassim, and Read Hashim Al-Saqa, Ochrona przed Korozją, 67, Nr. 1: 9 (2024); doi:10.15199/40.2024.1.2
  31. Henry Kressel, Semiconductors and Semimetals, 16: 1 (1981); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0080-8784(08)60128-3
  32. Mehdi Leilaeioun and Zachary C. Holman, Journal of Applied Physics, 120, Iss. 12: 123111 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962511
  33. Raed Hashim Al-Saqa, Ismail Kalil Jassim, and Mohammad Mahmood Uonis, Ochrona przed Korozją, 66, Nr. 8: 243 (2023); doi:10.15199/40.2023.8.3
  34. Richard Haight, Surface Science Reports, 21, Iss. 8: 275 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5729(95)00002-X