Collection of scientific works Nanosystems, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies
Year 2025 Volume 23, Issue 4
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Rawa Mustafa Abdel MAJEED1, Noha Mohammad YAHYA1, and Raed H. AL-SAQA2

1College of Education for Girls, Department of Chemistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
2Directorate General of Education in Nineveh, Ministry of Education, Mosul, Iraq

Investigation of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Chlorpheniramine Adsorption from Prepared Activated Nanocarbon

1217–1238 (2025)

PACS numbers: 61.72.Dd, 68.37.Hk, 68.43.Mn, 81.05.uj, 82.20.Pm, 82.60.Qr, 87.23.Cc

Received 3 September, 2024; in revised form, 24 September, 2024

This study produces a new type of activated nanocarbon using eucalyptus leaves from the forests around Mosul. The average particle size of this carbon produced is of 151.47 nm and is identified as nanocarbon. The drug chlorpheniramine is extracted from its aqueous solution. In this study, the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms are used, where the Langmuir model fits the actual data for the analysed system better. This is evidenced by the results of high R2 values of 0.9875 for Freundlich isotherm and 0.9935 for Langmuir one. Thermodynamic analysis of equilibrium adsorption shows that it is a spontaneous process with negative ΔG0 values and results in a regular increase (negative ΔS0 value) after the adsorption process. Physical adsorption forces (ΔH = -16.452 kJ/mole) determine the bonding between the drug surface and the carbon one, and the adsorption process results in heat release. The three kinetic models are of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and implicit molecular diffusion. The results show that the equilibrium adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order reaction equation, and the adsorption process is governed by multiple mechanisms in addition to molecular contact diffusion.

KEY WORDS: activated charcoal, eucalyptus trees, chlorpheniramine, nanocarbon, adsorption kinetic, adsorption thermodynamics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.23.04.1217

Citation:
Rawa Mustafa Abdel Majeed, Noha Mohammad Yahya, and Raed H. AL-saqa, Investigation of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Chlorpheniramine Adsorption from Prepared Activated Nanocarbon, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 23, No. 4: 1217–1238 (2025); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.23.04.1217

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
Authors would like to thank the University of Mosul, College of Education for Girls, thanks to Mr. Alaa Mohammed/New York Times/correspondent (for editing and reviser of the language), Mr. Faris M. Alhamadany (MSc Phys., University of Newcastle, U.K., ‘work in Nineveh Medicine College’).

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