Collection of scientific works Nanosystems, nanomaterials, nanotechnologies
Year 2025 Volume 23, Issue 3
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V. V. GONCHARUK1, V. M. OGENKO2, and L. V. DUBROVINA1

1A. V. Dumansky Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 42, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
2V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 32/34, Academician Palladin Ave., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine

The Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Formation of Nanosized Carbon in Matrices of Pyrogenic Silica

795–804 (2025)

PACS numbers: 61.05.cp, 68.37.Hk, 81.05.U-, 81.07.De, 81.16.Dn, 82.70.Gg, 83.60.Np

Received 27 September, 2024

Porous nanocomposites consisting of silica and carbon are obtained by the method of one-reactor synthesis by carbonization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a matrix of pyrogenic silicon dioxide. Fumed silica (fumed silicon dioxide A-50, particle size ≤ 80 nm, Ssp = 50 m2/g) and an aqueous solution of CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Acucell AF 3265) are mixed. Due to the process of self-assembly in the dispersion of silicon dioxide and CMC, the formation of the matrix and the arrangement of polymer macromolecules within it are occurred simultaneously. Additionally, a solution of NiCl2 in ethanol is added as a precatalyst. One part (the SiO2/C/Ni sample) of the obtained dispersion in a closed container is placed on a table, and the second part (the m/SiO2/C/Ni sample) is placed on a permanent magnet and kept for a day. A sample of SiO2/C is synthesized as a control under the same conditions without adding a NiCl2 solution. Then, the containers are opened, and the dispersions are dried to form a xerogel. Xerogels are carbonized at 750°C in an argon stream for 20 min; the heating rate is of 10 degrees/min. After carbonization, the samples are acquired a black colour. The XRF method shows that the synthesized nanocomposites consist of SiO2, carbon in various allotropic forms, metallic nickel, and NaCl. Studying the structure of the samples using SEM shows that the visual morphologies of the SiO2/C and m/SiO2/C/Ni samples are practically identical, i.e., the carbon nanostructures are located on the surface of the SiO2 particles. In the m/SiO2/C/Ni samples, the presence of metallic nickel particles is indicated by the presence of both brighter spherical particles smaller than 100 nm and their clusters. In the SiO2/C/Ni samples, in addition to the pyrocarbon formed on the surface of the SiO2 particles, there are tangles of carbon nanotubes or fibres ranging in size from 20 nm to 60 nm. At the ends of these formations, there are nanoparticles of metallic nickel up to 80 nm in size that demonstrates the typical catalytic tip growth of nanoformations. All obtained composites are highly porous materials; their apparent density ranges from 0.55 g/cm3 to 0.64 g/cm3. A manifestation of the molecular-sieve effect is that the open porosity (from 73.3% to 55.2%) and the absorption of solvents by the samples depend on the size of the solvent molecules, by which they are determined. The best effect belongs to the SiO2/C sample. The SiO2/C/Ni and m/SiO2/C/Ni samples, which contain metallic nickel, are attracted to a permanent magnet, i.e., they have acquired ferromagnetic properties.

KEY WORDS: porous silica-carbon composites, fumed silica, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carbon nanostructures, nickel nanoparticles, effect of permanent magnetic field

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.23.03.0795

Citation:
V. V. Goncharuk, V. M. Ogenko, and L. V. Dubrovina, The Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Formation of Nanosized Carbon in Matrices of Pyrogenic Silica, Nanosistemi, Nanomateriali, Nanotehnologii, 23, No. 3: 795–804 (2025); https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.23.03.0795
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