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Kenza ALMI, Said LAKEL, Maria Nor Elyakin BOUMEZRAG, and Hanna TOUHAMI

Laboratory of Metallic and Semiconducting Materials, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria

Synthesis and Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles: Effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing

523–538 (2025)

PACS numbers: 61.05.cp, 61.46.Df, 68.37.Hk, 78.30.Hv, 78.67.Bf, 81.07.Dc, 81.40.Ef

This work is a comparative study of the effect of two different annealing methods on the copper-oxide (CuO) nanoparticles’ properties. These later are synthesized using the direct precipitation method. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and slow thermal annealing (STA) are two methods of annealing tested. The prepared samples are annealed in air at various temperatures of 300, 400, 500°C for 1 hour. Then, they are characterized by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. The main results revealed an increase in the grain size with both methods as the annealing temperature increases. It reaches 30.93 nm with RTA and 26.75 nm with STA at 500°C. XRD spectra show, in the case of RTA at 500°C, a significant decrease in the intense picks corresponding to the (002) and (111) orientations. This result indicates that, beyond 400°C, one hour of RTA is not suitable for enhancing CuO-nanoparticles’ crystallinity compared to STA. The optical analysis demonstrates that the energy of the optical band gap in STA is higher than that in RTA. It reaches 2.88 eV at 500°C using RTA that is close to the gap value for CuO in the range of 1.8–2.8 eV. FT-IR results show, for both methods, the presence of characteristic peaks of the Cu–O bonds in the monoclinic CuO structure without any trace to Cu2O structure. Nevertheless, samples subject to RTA for one hour are more susceptible to absorbing species of C=O bond than those subject to STA. Hence, RTA at 500°C is far from producing CuO nanoparticles with preferred characteristics. It needs further research to examine higher-temperature annealing with controlling annealing time.

KEY WORDS: annealing methods, copper oxide, nanoparticles, nanoparticles’ synthesis methods, rapid thermal annealing

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.23.02.0523

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