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Roman BILIAK

Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera Str., UA-79013 Lviv, Ukraine

The Impact of γ, Neutron, Ion, and Electron Irradiation on the Structure and Properties of Graphene

477–487 (2025)

PACS numbers: 61.80.Ed, 61.80.Fe, 61.80.Hg, 61.80.Jh, 61.82.Rx, 65.80.Ck, 81.05.ue

The development of nuclear energy and space industry imposes new requirements on materials and devices based on them. One such requirement is the resistance of materials to radioactive radiation. Therefore, the study of the impact of radiation on the structure and properties of graphene is a key stage in the research of this 'two-dimensional' material. This article examines the influence of γ-radiation, neutron, electron, and ion irradiation on graphene and devices based on it. All types of radiation induce defects in graphene proportionally to the intensity, exposure time, and particles' energy. Studies have shown that devices based on graphene remain functional during irradiation; and further heating and annealing can set off the effect of defects, restoring the characteristics to their initial values. This unique property demonstrates graphene ability to self-heal defects caused by irradiation.

KEY WORDS: graphene, γ-radiation, neutron irradiation, electron irradiation, ion irradiation, self-healing effect, nuclear fusion

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.15407/nnn.23.02.0477

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